S2'2012 FYP 2 -Week 14

The day of finale has come as we all need to present our FYP result to our selected assessor. Each of the student will be assessed by two lecture and the lecture who assessing me is:

~ Mdm Noor Hajar Bt Hassan Basri
~ Mdm Azleena Bt Kamarul Bahrain

I've been assessed well by the lectures as they ask about my project from beginning till I've succeed to produce thesystem of my own.

S2'2012 FYP 2 -Week 13

REPRESENTING POSTER

Its week 13, only one week left for the FYP Presentation that will be held on Thursday. A poster is one of the criteria needed during the presentation. Below is the poster that I have designed and it been approved by my supervisor.

S2'2012 FYP 2 -Week 12

It is just about 2 weeks left before the Finale Year Project (FYP) presentation . In this week, i have list things that needs to complete before the due date;

•  to finalize my programming and process flow
• to finalize my Finale Year Project poster
• to finalize my project documentation
• to finalize my slide for Finale year project presentation

Until now i still in the first point. Hopefully i will success to complete all of this point. What i need to do now is focus although it is Hari Raya Haji at this week, i have to sacrifice and complete my target. 

S2'2012 FYP 2 -Week 11

For this week, I have do some research about my hydro system. To combine the motor I have to apply the concept that I had learn in electronic subject. For combine the output of motor, it has to be series circuit. This is because is the connection parallel, the total output will be dividing by two.

After do a few test, I had conclude that my hydro system can charge the battery. It is important to have indicator as a proof of system. This is because to turn on the LED it is required about 1.4 volts. The output of motor is just only 0.1 volt. Below is the video of outputs;

Below is turn on LED by potential meter.

S2'2012 FYP 2 -Week 10

Last week I have been finished with the design of battery level circuit indicator. For this week it is time for me to build the circuit. I have been to Online components Sdn Bhd at Jalan Pasar for searching the required components.

After the circuit is completed, i have done test circuit which combine with my hydro system. Below is the video:

S2'2012 FYP 2 -Week 9

For this week I have design battery level indicator circuit. This circuit function to proof my battery has been charge by the hydro system. To make this circuit I have done a research in internet. After that I have design at isis software.

This battery level indicator circuit use ic LM3914,LED, Resistor and potential meter. The potential meter is very important because it can works as battery that have variety of voltage. This Battery level sensor function is when i turn the potential meter lower, the LED will be off slowly until all of it off. When i turn the potential meter higher, the LED will be turn ON. All LED turn on means that battery is fully charge for 12 volts,

S2'2012 FYP 2 -Week 8

For this week, I just finished my design for hydro system. I use two 5 volts motors. Although the outputs are low, it is enough for my prototype to charge 12 volts battery. 

After that I design the turbine system exactly like the design that has been done before. This idea has been explain in the previous post in my blog. 

Below is the picture of my hydro after being install in prototype.

S2'2012 FYP 2 -Week 7

For this week I have done research about sensor. I have done study for digital and analog sensor. After that I have conclude for chose the specification below. This is because for my prototype this sensor is very relevant to use and updated for industry.  

Magnetic Float Sensor                                                     

Function:Magnetic float switches / level sensor sare used to detect the
senor shave seale dreed switches in a stem with a permanent
magnet installed in the float.As float rises or falls, switch is
activated/deactivated.

Power House float sensor uses unique magnetic push at the                   
floating magnet to respond fast to any
change of liquid level.

Features:Unique magnetic lift
Suitable for water/oil or fuel sensing
Easy Installation
Can be installed directly on pipe

Specifications:Level Measurement Type     :Point Level                                               
Switching Capacity             :10 W/VA
Switching Current               :0.5 Amp.max.
Switching Voltage              :25 V DC max.
Material                            :EngineeringPlastic                                   
Cable                               :2Core
Temperature                     :-25 to 75ºC

S2'2012 FYP 2 -Week 6

This week I make FYP poster. Some of the content that will be included are the objectives, methodology, block diagram and circuit.

S2'2012 FYP 2 -Week 5

For this week, the mechanical part can't being done because the prospect that I order is not complete yet. For the Hydraulic section, I still work with it. There is some problem because my output needs to charge 12 volt battery. The problem is the output of my motor is not stable. 

Below is the sketch of hydro section that still in progress;

S2'2012 FYP 2 -Week 4

The circuits also have been uploading by a basic program and the results are good because all the LED and relay are functioning well.

Below is the wire that uses to make connection between LCD and main board. The wire need to install pin before it can connect  to LCD.

S2'2012 FYP 2 -Week 3

The electronics part and LCD are completed.

Below is the completed circuit;

S2'2012 FYP 2 -Week 2

Continuing work by installing all the electronic components and solder. I designed the circuit due to double layer, it should be at the top and bottom solder so that both parts work well. LCD purchased online reached on 10 august.

S2' 2012 FYP 2 -Week 1

In this new semester, I will continue the second FYP. I have a rough outline of work for public viewing on what I've done to complete this project

Stage 1

     a.            Brainstorming - DONE

    b.            Research - DONE

   c.            Feasibility Study - DONE

Stage 2

    a.            Proposal Preparation -DONE

    b.            Proposal Presentation- DONE

Stage 3

a.              Mechanical Construction – PENDING

b.              Electronic Installation- DONE

c.              Programming-IN PROGRESS

Semester Break (construction Circuit)

While in semester 6, I have taken the subject semiconductor 1. At that time, I have learned about making a theoretical circuit. For Final Year Project I need to do practically make circuit boards.

1) To make a circuit board, at first I need to design the circuit. I'm using Proteus software because it is easy to use. Below is the result of my designs after been printed on transparent paper.

2) The transparent paper will be affixed to the PCB to make the process of UV rays.

3) By using special instruments for UV rays, paper and PCBs are already affixed neatly arranged above the emitted radiation. This process takes 90 seconds to complete.

 throughout this process runs, the PCB should be closed to prevent leakage of UV rays that can damage the circuit design.

4) PCB added to the liquid solution ferric Chloride (FeCl3) for etching process. FeCl3 powder mixed with warm water and mix depending on how fast the circuit to be completed. Silica layer PCB soaked up entirely detached and removed and washed with clean water.

5) After the PCB will be included in a special liquid developer. Developers will remove the silicon oxide (carbon) and the circuit design will be seen clearly. Then PCB rinsed with clean water.

Below the circuit was completed etching and foot hole drilled;

a. Top view of PCB

b. Back view of PCB

Semester Break

During this semester break, my target is to construct my finale year project circuit. For that I have to go to Pudu Road to buy electronics component such PIC16F877A, resistor, relay and etc.

Below is my component electronic receipt. I need to keep it as proof of purchaser for claim process later.

Week 13

This is study week before finale examination. The thing that need to complete is submission the progress report.

Week 12

Time management and task distribution among group members will be very important for this project. Major task will be list as below and allocate in a Gantt chart so it will be easy to understand. Below is the list of major task that will be done accordingly to build the Project.    

Stage 1

       I.            Brainstorming

    II.            Research

 III.            Feasibility Study

Stage 2

       I.            Proposal Preparation

    II.            Proposal Presentation

Stage 3

       I.            Project Implementation

    II.            Mechanical Construction

 III.            Electrical Installation

 IV.            Software Development

    V.            Instrument Wiring

 VI.            Troubleshooting

VII.            Final Presentation & Documentation

Week 11

Sensor

Level sensor detects the level of substances that flow, including liquids, slurries, granular materials, and powders. Fluids and fluidized solids flow to become essentially level in their containers (or other physical boundaries) because of gravity whereas most bulk solids pile at an angle of repose to a peak. The substance to be measured can be inside a container or can be in its natural form (e.g., a river or a lake). The level measurement can be either continuous or point values. Continuous level sensors measure level within a specified range and determine the exact amount of substance in a certain place, while point-level sensors only indicate whether the substance is above or below the sensing point. Generally the latter detect levels that are excessively high or low. The sensor that will be used in the prototype is water level sensor.

Figure 3 is the example of installation.

This system are divided into five different levels such as normal zone, level 1, level 2, level 3 and dangerous zone. Level 1 indicates increasing water level but still in safe Zone. Meanwhile, level 2 and level 3 are precaution states whereby the water level keep increasing just nearly dangerous zone. When reach the danger zone the sensor will give a signal to monitoring system.

Week 6

Block Diagram

When the water level rich maximum limit, the sensor will be detected. After the main system received signal from sensor, it will start to process data and take action by give information to nearby resident through LCD screen. The water pump will be turn “ON” by the main system for moving water to alternative ways. If there is no more detection by the sensor, the process will be reset to the starter point of process.

Week 10

How micro-hydro works

The power available in a river or stream depends on the rate at which the water is flowing, and the height (head) which it falls down. Hydro schemes are classified by the output power which they produce as approximately:

• Large scale: 2 MW and above
• Mini: 100 kW to 2 MW
• Micro: 5 kW to 100 kW
• Pico: less than 5 kW

But the basic approach is similar for all.

In this project the core of a micro-hydro scheme is the turbine, which is rotated by the moving water. The idea is to install the low voltage motor that convert to become a turbine and connected to the LED as an indicator of the electricity. Figure 3.2 is one of example that can be related to my project.

Figure 3.2

Week 9

LCD

In this project, the monitoring system function not just to monitor ate but also to process the information output for the user. The LCD screen will come out with the status update by monitoring system about the current situation of the water to alert and send information for nearby resident. In order to complete this process, the user should receive the output both which is information and hydroelectricity. Below is the picture of LCD circuit that connected to the PIC.

Week 8

PIC microcontroller

In this project, the PIC is the main controller that works for controlling the whole system start from sensor, water pump and hydroelectric. The reason for use PIC is because it has small instruction set to learn, RISC architecture, built in oscillator with selectable speeds and also wide range of interfaces USART, A/D, programmable comparator, PSP and Ethernet.

Week 7

Flow Chart

For the flowchart the beginning of the process is just after water level sensor detected the maximum limit. The signal of sensor will be send to the monitoring system. The monitoring system will process to code the program for turning “ON” the water pump. If the sensor those not detect water, it will send the signal to monitor system for turn “OFF” the water pump. The hydroelectric will be generating after the water through the turbine.

Week 5

Block Diagram

When the water level rich maximum limit, the sensor will be detected. After the main system received signal from sensor, it will start to process data and take action by give information to nearby resident through LCD screen. The water pump will be turn “ON” by the main system for moving water to alternative ways. If there is no more detection by the sensor, the process will be reset to the starter point of process.

Second Meeting

In my second meeting with supervisor, I have being told that there are lots of improvement must be done. My supervisor has review the reports deeply and come with the new technic of report. This is because the example report that given by University is not enough to be referred. More over the example report have done a research which is opposite with mine that create a project.

Below is the point that I have to redo;

1.     Introduction

       must include the scope of project, summary chapter and aspect outcome.

2.     The Methodology.

       must include the block diagram and flowchart.

Week 4

Submit Proposal

In week 4 (UniKL-BMI calender), I have submitted project proposal to my supervisor Mr.Suhaimi Bahisham B Jusoh@Yusoff .  My report has being done based on guideline of finale year project report given by University. This proposal will in check by the supervisor, so that we can complete if there is lack of content and make improvements. 

Research 3

From my research, Micro hydro is frequently accomplished with a pelton wheel for high head, low flow water supply. The installation is often just a small dammed pool, at the top of a waterfall, with several hundred feet of pipe leading to small generator housing. The system detail can be seen as the video below:

The Hydro is important to make my system more environmental friendly. The important thing that I have plan after this is to make the system fully automated by combine all the part of my research.

Reserch 2

Why chose to use alternative route?

The alternative route is very important because it not affects the nature of the river and not makes any trouble compared to dope the river. In some place when flood happen there always use of the flood barrier by using sand bag. This is not efficient because it difficult to make and take a long time. Compared to alternative route, it is created for a once and reedy for use while needed.

Below is the example of sand bag:

To divert water to an alternative route, this system will use water pump. This is because it is simple to install and use very simple concept which is suction the water and remove to the desired place.

Examples of concepts that will be used as the video below: