Week 11

Sensor

Level sensor detects the level of substances that flow, including liquids, slurries, granular materials, and powders. Fluids and fluidized solids flow to become essentially level in their containers (or other physical boundaries) because of gravity whereas most bulk solids pile at an angle of repose to a peak. The substance to be measured can be inside a container or can be in its natural form (e.g., a river or a lake). The level measurement can be either continuous or point values. Continuous level sensors measure level within a specified range and determine the exact amount of substance in a certain place, while point-level sensors only indicate whether the substance is above or below the sensing point. Generally the latter detect levels that are excessively high or low. The sensor that will be used in the prototype is water level sensor.

Figure 3 is the example of installation.

This system are divided into five different levels such as normal zone, level 1, level 2, level 3 and dangerous zone. Level 1 indicates increasing water level but still in safe Zone. Meanwhile, level 2 and level 3 are precaution states whereby the water level keep increasing just nearly dangerous zone. When reach the danger zone the sensor will give a signal to monitoring system.

Week 6

Block Diagram

When the water level rich maximum limit, the sensor will be detected. After the main system received signal from sensor, it will start to process data and take action by give information to nearby resident through LCD screen. The water pump will be turn “ON” by the main system for moving water to alternative ways. If there is no more detection by the sensor, the process will be reset to the starter point of process.

Week 10

How micro-hydro works

The power available in a river or stream depends on the rate at which the water is flowing, and the height (head) which it falls down. Hydro schemes are classified by the output power which they produce as approximately:

• Large scale: 2 MW and above
• Mini: 100 kW to 2 MW
• Micro: 5 kW to 100 kW
• Pico: less than 5 kW

But the basic approach is similar for all.

In this project the core of a micro-hydro scheme is the turbine, which is rotated by the moving water. The idea is to install the low voltage motor that convert to become a turbine and connected to the LED as an indicator of the electricity. Figure 3.2 is one of example that can be related to my project.

Figure 3.2

Week 9

LCD

In this project, the monitoring system function not just to monitor ate but also to process the information output for the user. The LCD screen will come out with the status update by monitoring system about the current situation of the water to alert and send information for nearby resident. In order to complete this process, the user should receive the output both which is information and hydroelectricity. Below is the picture of LCD circuit that connected to the PIC.

Week 8

PIC microcontroller

In this project, the PIC is the main controller that works for controlling the whole system start from sensor, water pump and hydroelectric. The reason for use PIC is because it has small instruction set to learn, RISC architecture, built in oscillator with selectable speeds and also wide range of interfaces USART, A/D, programmable comparator, PSP and Ethernet.

Week 7

Flow Chart

For the flowchart the beginning of the process is just after water level sensor detected the maximum limit. The signal of sensor will be send to the monitoring system. The monitoring system will process to code the program for turning “ON” the water pump. If the sensor those not detect water, it will send the signal to monitor system for turn “OFF” the water pump. The hydroelectric will be generating after the water through the turbine.

Week 5

Block Diagram

When the water level rich maximum limit, the sensor will be detected. After the main system received signal from sensor, it will start to process data and take action by give information to nearby resident through LCD screen. The water pump will be turn “ON” by the main system for moving water to alternative ways. If there is no more detection by the sensor, the process will be reset to the starter point of process.